The International monetary and finance structure Essay

The International monetary and finance structure - Essay Example The appreciation of the Euro can be attributed to increasing trade surpluses in the Eurozone countries for the past years and the low rates of inflation in the Eurozone countries. For the past years, countries in the Eurozone such as France, Germany and the other seventeen countries have experienced an increase in the amounts of exports compared to imports than other countries. For instance, in 2013, the Euro Zone exports accounted for about 13.2% of GDP while import stood at 12.6% leading to a 2.7 current accounts deficit (De La Dehesa 4). On the other hand, during the same year, U.S. exports accounted for about 13.5% of GDP while imports stood at 16.2% leading to a 2.7 current accounts deficit (4). For this reason, the Euro has been gaining strength especially in the last six years due to better current accounts compared to the U.S. Conversely, the move by the European Central Bank (ECB) to wipe out about â‚ ¬1 trillion two years out of the economy of the Eurozone in a move to withdraw loans taken by banks during the debt crisis is another significant factor that has led to a higher appreciation of the Euro relative to other world currencies (De Grauwe and Paulson). In addition, De La Dehesa argues that short-term rates in the U.S. react mainly to trends in the U.S.’s equity markets. He goes ahead to say that, for this reason, short-term interest rates have a higher impact on exchange rates in the Euro area unlike in the U.S. For instance, from a historical perspective a rise of 100 basis points in U.S. short-term interest rates leads to an appreciation of the dollar by 1.7% compared to 5.7% in the Euro area (De La Dehesa 4). For this reason, De La Dehesa conclude that the Eurozone economy is more open than the U.S. economy. The Yuan has been appreciating in recent past due to the massive growth of the Chinese economy. China has grown to become the second-largest

Admission Essay Essay Example for Free

Admission Essay Essay As a student who wants to join your school after my graduation, I possess very high skills that will enable me to conquer the opportunities available in the real life scenario and especially in the co curricular activities that I will be involved in. My experiences comprise of a one year internship as a department manager from the year 2007 to 2008 and a presidential out of state academic scholarship. As a new student in your college I dedicate myself to commitment to the rules of the college and promise to further my knowledge as a manager to the best of my ability utilizing all the resources that are available. Prior to winning the presidential scholarship, I decided to turn the further offers down because of my devotion in my academic pursues. Besides my dedication in academics, I am also fond of voluntary work. I love doing this with little supervision and with all the trust from my heart. During my course in high I managed to do a voluntary service with conjunction with the Golf team and the XC team. Through this I gained a lot of experience and also got a chance to understand what it entails doing a voluntary work i. See more: Unemployment problems and solutions essay e. doing some work with all the heart without expecting some compensation. I also love community services. I participated in a community service of teaching tennis lessons in my high school and I did it with a lot of joy like any other person who has received an internship with an NGO. This is because community work is often unofficially witnessed and unrecognized. My motivation for working for the community services is clear. I have been a player of tennis for the better part of my study in high school. Since my proficiency in tennis was proved with a placement for tennis scholarship, with the most reputable institution worldwide, I offer myself to develop positively amidst the challenges and strengths that will come on my way. The community services and voluntary activities that I engaged myself in, to me aid in understanding myself and realizing my dreams. According to me for one to succeed, he needs to be ambitious, curious and eager in getting what he wants.

Hamlet: A Man of Many Qualities :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Hamlet: A Man of Many Qualities Hamlet is a man of many different qualities and he reveals only certain qualities to certain people. Hamlet draws his audience, the reader, into noticing the different qualities that he has. His qualities are shown through his conversations with other characters as well as through his soliloquies. These words of wisdom and revealance help to distinguish how Hamlet feels about each other character that he encounters. The phrases and speeches that Hamlet addresses are both poetic and piercing. So when Hamlet is speaking, he is constantly revealing his qualities which range from love, to respect, to hate. Hamlet's most powerful qualities seem to be revealed through his conversation with the people that he cares about, namely his family and friends. The queen, Gertrude, is hamlet's mother and she is probably the living being that he cares about the most. Unfortunately, one of Hamlet's qualities, which is revealed in conversation with his mother, is a negative one and that is anger. His quality is displayed through Hamlet's soliloquy in Act 1, Scene 2, Lines 131Â © 161. Hamlet is angry at his mother for marrying a new husband, his uncle, Claudius, so quickly after his father's death. This anger shines through in such phrases such as "Frailty, thy name is woman!"(Act 1,Sc 2, L148) and "Like Niobe, all tears."(Act 1, Sc 2, L151). At the end of his soliloquy, Hamlet switches qualities from one of anger to one of fear. This is evident when Hamlet states, "With such dexterity to incestuous sheets!", and "It is not, nor it cannot come to good", and finally "But break my heart, for I must hold my tongue"(Act 1, Sc 2 L157Â © 161). Hamlet expresses his fear for his mother's hasty marriage. Hamlet realizes that his mother marrying his uncle can have no good result. Respect is another quality that Hamlet displays in conversation with his mother. This occurs when his mother asks him to remain at home rather than return to school(Act 1, Sc 2, L120Â ©121), which he agrees to do. This shows that although he disagrees with his mother and her marriage, after such little mourning for her husband, Hamlet Sr.'s, death, he still respects his mother and will do what she asks. Later in the act, Hamlet encounters another character who goes by the name of Horatio. Horatio is a good friend, as stated in Act 1, Sc 2, L163, and the first quality which Hamlet reveals is his respect for Horatio. In line 176 of Act 1, Sc 2, Hamlet states "I know you are no truant.

Corruption in Lord of the Flies

Corruption William Gilding's book, The Lord of the Flies, shows us how seclusion from society can lead to changes in behavior and create savages out of us. For example, in the book, British school boys get trapped on a deserted island and have to fight tort their survival. The boys become corrupt due to the lack of leadership and lack of a rule system. Conflict arises over who will be proclaimed chief, the boy's priorities get mixed up, and the thirst to kill comes alive inside of them.In the beginning of the book, when Ralph gets elected leader, it becomes obvious that there Is going to be conflict between Ralph and Jack throughout the story. After Ralph gets crowned chief. Jack shows humiliation and anger towards everyone because he feels as though he should have been named leader due to the fact that he is the choir leader. He tells Ralph, â€Å"I ought to be chief because I'm chapter chorister and head boy†(22). At one point in the story, a meeting Is called on the island because Jack is starting his own group.He tells the kids, â€Å"my hunters will protect you from the beast, who will Join me†(1 50)? Jack wants to create a separate tribe and have fun, where as Ralph wants to devote his time and energy to being rescued. The lack of adult leadership allows the boys on the island to make their own decisions and their priorities are get messed up, Ralph is very focused on getting rescued and Jack Just wants to have fun. Ralph carefully instructs Jack to keep the signal fire going so that a rescue ship might see It. When a ship finally passes by,Ralph looks up to see that the signal fire is completely out and there Isn't any smoke for the boat to see, He tells Jack, â€Å"They mightn't seen us. We mightn't gone home†(70). Ralph is furious with Jack because he left the fire to go and hunt for wild pegs. Jack doesn't see any problem with letting the fire go out. In Rally's mind, one of the top priorities is getting shelter. He gets furious w hen Jack's choir boys go swimming instead of helping build cover for them. â€Å"We want shelters. The rest of your hunters came back hours ago.They've been Jack doesn't understand the concept to priorities and it shows when he allows his boys to do whatever they please. During the story, the boys begin thirsting for blood after they find hunting wild boars on the island to be exhilarating. At first, the boys just attack a pig, then they progress to kill a boar, and they Just want to kill and kill. They take it so far, that they decapitate a pig's head and skewer It with a sharpened suck. The boys proclaim that it Is â€Å"for the beast. It's a Eventually, one of the boys falls victim to the ailing spree after he is mistaken as a wild pig.The hunters start chanting, â€Å"Kill the pig. Cut her throat. Spill her blood†(69). They mercilessly murder Simon. The lack of structure that the Island kids have leads them to become crazy, unethical murderers. The Lord of the Flies sho ws us that to keep us from becoming wild, crazed savages. We need to have structure, whether from adult supervision or a set of laws. The fight for survival can lead us to do things that we never thought we would see, such as ‘Off anger, thirst tort power, and translation.

Animal Abuse Problem Essay

Animal abuse is a people problem. Cruelty to animals can be prevented by all costs. Educate people you see abusing their animals and always, always report suspicious activity to your local law enforcement or animal control. An abused animal can turn on a human in an instant, so children and innocent bystanders can be attacked by an animal if it feels threatened. When abused, animals are not the only ones in danger. As C.S. Lewis once said, â€Å"If we cut up beasts simply because they cannot prevent us and because we are backing our own side in the struggle for existence, it is only logical to cut up imbeciles, criminals, enemies, or capitalists for the same reasons.† Maybe an eye for an eye should be implemented on animal abusers. Continue reading at NowPublic.com: Animal Cruelty: Facts, Prevention, Statistics and Action | NowPublic News Coverage http://www.nowpublic.com/environment/animal-cruelty-facts-prevention-statistics-and-action-2886267.html#ixzz2L2yNrWDW As humankind has progressed, there has been an increase in governance and rules and regulations of everyday life. These governance and rules rise from general disgust over happenings and concepts all over the world. One such rapidly growing concept is animal cruelty. Animal abuse simply put is cruel unwarranted treatment of animals. Such treatment generally has a single point program – to subject animals and sometimes pets to unnecessary harm and pain. One major type of animal abuse is torture. Read more at Buzzle: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/animal-cruelty-animal-abuse-facts-statistics.html It is prevalent in all areas of the society. People in rural as well as urban areas are reported for animal cruelty cases. The statistics show reported cases are just the tip of the iceberg. There are hundreds, maybe thousands of cases related to animal abuse that go unreported. People carry out violent and gruesome attacks on animals, both domestic as well as stray. The most common victims of animal abuse are: Horses Livestock Dogs Cats Birds Read more at Buzzle: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/animal-abuse-statistics.html We have heard of an old saying ‘Dogs a man’s best friend’. Most of us must have read Black Beauty at least once. The lion is the king of the jungle, a fact even kids from kindergarten are aware of. There are many other instances where animals are thought of as our friends. Yet, we tend to inflict pain and torture on our friends. Animal cruelty is not an issue that is unheard of. Since time immemorial, man, the high in the food chain, has tortured those beneath him. Practically all animal species have been abused by man in some way or the other. Humans are thought to be the most intelligent of all species. Still, when we look at the animal abuse statistics, mankind is put to shame. Read more at Buzzle: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/animal-abuse-statistics.html Animal Abuse Facts and Statistics It’s really hard to write about animal abuse facts. It’s hard to do the research, read the stories, get the statistics, watch the videos, and see the pictures. But the statistics are just so disturbing that readers need to know the truth. According to the Human Society of the United States, there is no national reporting system for abuse to animals. However Pet-Abuse.com has collected statistics on animal cruelty since 2001. As of October 13, 2012 they have 19,517 cases listed on their web site. The following animal abuse stats for the U.S. are from their database: Top 5 Types of Abuse [pic] †¢ 32% neglect or abandonment †¢ 12% hoarding †¢ 11% shooting †¢ 9% fighting †¢ 7% beating Most of the above forms of violence toward animals is self-explanatory. However, hoarding may need some more explanation. This involves people who are often well intentioned but what they do is collect animals and may have hundreds of animals living in their house, barn or yard. It’s pretty much impossible to take care of this number of animals well and the cost of food and veterinary care would be sky high. Hoarding is really another form of neglect, just on a much grander scale than traditional neglect or abandonment. Most cases of abuse toward animals are directed toward dogs, cats, and horses. The statistics on dogs included non-pit bulls pit bulls. Of the cases listed on their website, 48% are alleged cases, 24% are convicted records, and 16% are open. Most abusers of animals are men between 31 and 50 years of age. While many animal cruelty cases are tracked on the web, it is believed the number of cases is much greater. A recent search of Google News found more than 10 articles regarding allegations or convictions toward animals in September in Texas alone compared to just 13 on Pet-Abuse.com for all of the United States. In other words, the data on animal abuse is even worse than what is reported on well known web sites.

buy custom The Media in Schools essay

buy custom The Media in Schools essay Our preliminary research showed that the effectiveness of the advertisements made on television and radio depends on the tone and appearance of the presenter. In support I will only tell that through proper tonal expression the company can save up to 30% of its commercial expenses. Moreover, through proper tonal variation, it is possible to meet the market expectations in the first 2 weeks of advertising. It was proved that the fact of the audience being attracted or distracted is formed by the instant impression they develop within the first minute when a presenter appears on a stage. On the other hand, the tone the presenter uses within the first minute also affects the quality of concentration of the target group. People tend to forget most of the information they have heard, but remember how confidently the presenter looked and talked.The level of a good voice variation states the level of confidence in the presenter. As it was discovered, the presenter is expected to avoid any f orm of non verbal cues that may interrupt the perfect delivery of the news. As well, they should make the proper tonal and voice checks before any announcement with the help of the floor manager and the sound personnel. What is vital is that the media schools ought to introduce stern measures to attain the perfect results in presenting and advertising. Additionally, the presenter should not use many gestures in order to seem natural, and maintain a poise even during the stressing moments. The broadcasters are expected to be very cautious with their outward appearance. Next, the clothing should be carefully chosen as the presenter should be comfortably dressed to feel relaxed to give a positive impression on the audience watching through the camera. Other results showed, when the presenters were not comfortable with their own appearance, their confidence failed. As a result, the advertisements did not bring the desired results. Buy custom The Media in Schools essay

Chimeric Conventiality essays

Chimeric Conventiality essays Since its initial publishing in eighteen-thirteen, Pride and Prejudice continuously promulgates the world with a maudlin tale of the Bennet family women, as well as their various suitors. The work concentrates on the courtship of a genteel young woman (Kroeber 510h) and the development of relationships. However, at a time of zenith for the literary movement of romanticism, Austens work displays her more conservative views with a capricious, yet comical twist, with the expected addition of Austinian Irony. Jane Austens independent approach to eighteenth century England creates a spellbinding novel in which the lack of romanticism, as well as the roles of women and society interdependently function in the lives of the characters as each entity attempts to shape the rest of their lives. The tone and motif of Austens first sentence creates a reoccurring tone as well as displaying the authors ironic attempt to refute romanticism: It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife... this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. (Austen 1) In a system where conventional convictions dominate quixoticism, or any sort of romantic feeling, a lack of emotion and depiction of a rigid social system proliferates (Francis 2). As one critic suggests, the love in some of the courtships possesses a very pedant nature (Kneedler 4) based upon the intricate social system. When Charlotte Lucas lures Mr. Collins into marrying her, the marriage provides a convenient facade in a relationship that lacks almost any kind of quixotic emotion. George Wickham originally slanders Darcy with the hopes that Elizabeth, enchanted by Georges endemic charm, will form an objectionable stance towards Darcy and concentrate more on him. As detrac...

How to Avoid Sexist or Gendered Language

How to Avoid Sexist or Gendered Language How to Avoid Sexist or Gendered Language It was once, as James Brown sang, a man’s world. But things have changed. Women have fought against discrimination and taken their rightful place in politics, academia, business, and many other areas of life. But old attitudes live on in language. As such, we have to be careful about our word choice so that we don’t accidentally exclude or insult anyone based on sexist or gendered language. Here are some things to watch out for. Misogynistic Language It should hopefully go without saying, but some terms are inherently sexist. It would be unusual to use these in academic or formal writing, so we won’t dwell on them for too long. But in case you’re not sure, referring to Boudica as â€Å"some old hag who fought the Romans† will not win you high marks for a history essay. And not just because it’s too informal. Not a lady to mess with unless you like being run down in a chariot. Now we’ve got that out of the way, let’s look at some trickier cases of sexist and gendered language, including pronouns and generalizations. Gendered Pronouns and Words The most common problem we see, especially in academic writing, is use of gendered language. Pronouns are a great example, since the male pronouns â€Å"he† and â€Å"his† were often used to refer to any non-specific person in the past. As such, you might find sentences like this in older books: How someone solves a problem may depend on his past experience. However, the author is not discussing an actual, specific man in this case. They are just referring to a person in general, so using â€Å"his† excludes anyone who doesn’t identify as a â€Å"he.† It would be better, then, to use â€Å"his or her,† the singular â€Å"they,† or plural terms: How people solve problems may depend on their past experiences. In this sentence, we avoid gendered language, making it more inclusive. Similar problems pop up with other terms, especially those that include the word â€Å"man.† Usually, these can be avoided by picking a different word. Instead of â€Å"policeman,† for example, you could say â€Å"police officer.† And instead of â€Å"mankind,† you could say â€Å"humanity.† This doesn’t work for every word, though! The term â€Å"manhole,† for example, is still widely used. You can call it a personhole if you like, but we dont recommend it. Subtly Sexist or Gendered Language Similar issues can arise with how we describe people of different genders. A classic example is the word â€Å"bossy,† which tends to be applied to women more than men (who are instead more usually described as â€Å"assertive†). It can be a good idea, then, to think about the descriptive terms we use when writing about people. Ask yourself, â€Å"Would I use this word if the person was a different gender?† This will help you catch subtly sexist or gendered language that you might not usually be conscious of using. Avoiding Generalizations As well as being careful about picking your words, take care not to make hasty generalizations based on sex or gender. These could be sweeping statements about a whole gender (e.g., â€Å"All men are lazy†). But they can also be stated less clearly. For instance, we might say the following of someone: Despite being a man, Daniel is not lazy. In this case, the main clause â€Å"Daniel is not lazy† is fine. But by framing it in terms of â€Å"being a man,† we imply that all (or most) men are lazy. Likewise, look out for positive stereotypes, such as: Rachel will be a good instructor because women are naturally nurturing. Here, the idea of women being â€Å"nurturing† is presented as a positive. But the idea of women as â€Å"maternal† or â€Å"nurturing† may imply other negative stereotypes (e.g., that women can’t be tough or logical). As such, we should avoid such generalizations even if they’re meant to be positive! It is much better in most cases to discuss people as individuals than representatives of a gender. And if you need any help coming up with alternatives to gendered language in your writing, it never hurts to have a professional proofreader check your documents.

Johanne strauss (younger) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Johanne strauss (younger) - Research Paper Example On noticing that the Younger was learning how to play a violin, the father whipped the young boy ostensibly to remove the music out of him. Later, his father abandoned the family for another woman giving him the chance to develop his talent as a composer. With the help of his mother, Strauss II studied counterpoint and harmony under the tutelage of Professor Joachim Hoffmann. He exercised harmony under the direction of Joseph Drechsler, a composer. In 1844, Strauss II composed the gradiuale, Tu qui regis totum orbem (Gartenberg, 1972). During his training, his teachers wrote positive testimonials of the young Strauss, including Anton Kollmann. With the skills he had learnt and the testimonials he had received from his very able teachers, the Younger applied for a licence to perform from the authorities in Vienna. His first team of band men were drawn from the Zur Stadt Belgrad tavern – an easy target for aspiring musicians seeking work. Owing to his father’s influence in the local entertainment industry in Vienna, many people were reluctant to offer the Younger a chance to perform at their venues, knowing that the older Strauss was against his son’s pursuit of a carrier in music. The Younger luckily managed to convince the Dommayers Casino in Hietzing to allow his show his talent some time in 1844 (Gartenberg, 1972). This move so angered the older Strauss that he vowed never again to perform in the casino. At the casino, the Younger played his first compositions including Gunstwerber, Op.  4, and Herzenslust, Op.  3 (Gà ¤nzl 2001). The public was awed by the Young’s performance even as critics and the media poured praise upon his head. Although beginning a career in music proved difficult at first, the Younger Strauss charted the murky waters to become a great success. He accepted commissions to perform at entertainment joints away from where he

Prosocial Behaviors and Fraternities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prosocial Behaviors and Fraternities - Essay Example It was able to establish that there exist significant differences as to how members of social groups react and understand various social instances or situations as against non-members. An example is that fraternity or sorority members expect their fellow members to be indicating concern and cooperation in their situation as compared to non-member students who rely heavily on their own decisions and actions to handle the situations indicated in the survey questionnaire. Teenagers, in and out of campuses are considered in their reaching out stage where they crave for attention and acceptance. In the process of achieving and satisfying their craving, there are activities, opportunities and peers or peer groups that cater to their needs. These could be considered harmless, positive or negative depending on the effect on the subjects but most often, these have either influence or effect on the psychosocial behavior of the individuals involved. Although individual personality traits per se could be influential or factor for students to join or not to join Greek sounding social groups, positive relevance of these groups now seem to outweigh deviant behaviors so that new studies are being conducted every now and then. The purpose of this study is to find out if there is a difference between responses and behavior of students who are members of sorority or fraternity and those who are not with regards to social and altruism instances. This will be gauged through their responses to questions to be given them. Ten scenarios shall be presented to these students, ten who are members of fraternity or sorority for about two years, and ten who are plain students. The relevance of this study is to establish expectations of students as well as the larger community with regards to how members and non-members of social group sorority or fraternity react or handle various social situations. These responses may be indicative of levels of pro-social /altruism behaviors which could be treated as factors that can be influenced by educational institutions and social organizations or groups in order to arrive at more preferred learning and social environments. Background/Reviews: Since there had been considerable and observable activities participated in or involving members of fraternities or sororities that are not ordinarily undertaken by regular non-member students in and out of campuses, interest on membership and involvement on fraternity or sorority had been of interest by various sectors (CHE, 2006; SPLC, 2004). Moral reasoning and identity development of 209 female and 162 male college students indicated they did not seem to be affected by their affiliation to Greek social groups (Kilgannon and Dary, 1992) although moral reasoning and identity development. Langford (1995) nevertheless, imparted that moral reasoning rely on notions of moral rules and moral norms which are generally accepted in many societies. Likewise, in a study conducted on social group members of 153 males and 168 females at a Midwestern university indicated there was significant correlations between member's levels of involvement as well as their psychosocial development measured by the Student Development Task and Lifestyle Inventory. This has been related to establishing and clarifying purposes; develop mature

Relevance of Multilateralism in Australia Essay

Relevance of Multilateralism in Australia - Essay Example Multilateralism fosters the importance of equality in nations worldwide, and this is significant to Australia because it assists the in improving the security of the country. The greatest security hazard to Australia and the world is terrorism, which is gravely opposed by multilateralism. Economic excellence of Australia has been prejudiced by multilateralism that has seen the country work together with other states to coalesce and exchange brilliant ideas. Strong multilateralism recommendations have assisted in solving the global challenges. Hence, multilateralism is a significant aspect in Australia, since it promotes tranquility and growth in nationalized development. Importance of regional multilateralism institutions (APEC, ARF, ASEAN +3, EAS) to Australia The regional multilateralism institutions were founded to promote geopolitics and economy of the countries involved. Australia has benefitted immensely through this association in dissimilar ways such as accelerated the econom ic expansion to country through making it stable throughout the decades. It has also promoted the cultural and social interaction with other countries, especially those that are members of APEC. Peaceful agreements have been met through the existence of the association in when disputes arises. The regional multilateralism organizations have assisted in defining the boundaries disputes between the member states. This has been achieved through holding conferences where they make deliberations on their problems. APEC promotes unanimity between the Asian Pacific States as evidenced in the organizational objectives (Malik, 2007). EAS is the newest formed multilateralism organization, which its main goal is to foster strategic dialogue between members. The institution also promotes joint effort between the member States such as alleviating national disasters. ARF assists in protecting the right of a state to grow economically without facing a threat from other state. Australian Relation w ith the bodies The Australian association with these bodies is decisive to the conduct of Australian regional diplomacy to the multilateralism institutions, since it allows free interface with other neighboring states. 2. Australian-Malaysian relation in the post- Mahathir era The Australian-Malaysian relation in the post-Mahathir era has faced many challenges. The history of the poor relation between the two countries began when Mahathir Muhammad became the prime minister of Malaysia. His administration came up with many government projects that improved the infrastructure of the country and increased the employment opportunities to the Malaysian citizens. The relationship was appalling, because Mahathir’s governance was against the western political interests and financial policies, and this was the main reason why the relationship was critical. There was a lot of mix-up between the two countries, negatively affecting their economic ties. The countries have poor security co operation that poses a solemn threat in promoting communism between the countries (Lopez, 2009). Although the relationship has improved appreciably, the two countries have to interrelate often to foster unity between the countries.

Various lit 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Various lit 2 - Essay Example It aimed at educating the children, teaching them morality and assisting them in socialization. The web article entitled Religion, Childrens Literature and Modernity in Europe gives a clear idea about the relevance of religion, the role played by it and the influence it exerted in children’s literature. It says: â€Å"The development of childrens literature reveals a complex pattern of development in its relation to modernity and religion.† (Religion, Children’s Literature and Modernity in Europe). The debut occurrence of the new genre that is children’s literature was in German English and French; and they were circulated widely in Latin countries through translations between 1780s and 1850s. Most of them were conceived with religious values and morality of the old regime. â€Å"When describing the history of books for children, decorated medieval manuscripts and illustrated early printed books are generally considered the precursors of the form.† (Historical Children’s Literature Collection). Gradually the church had to control the production of educational books at the time but the enlightenment which followed French revolution contested this order of affairs. Initially it was religion which dominated but gradually its power both in content and editorial system began to decline. The real character of the national children’s literature emerged, making distance from religion during the period from 1880 to 1950. However, preserving some solid positions of power, the religious establishment elaborated the strategies of adaptations. But later on the moral and religious consensus collapsed and religion became more discrete. Theodor Seuss Geisel was born on 2 March 1904 on Howard Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. He is better known by his pen name Dr. Seuss. After graduation from Dartmouth College in 1925 he proceeded to Oxford University setting the goal of acquiring a doctoral degree in literature. After returning from Europe in 1927 he

Questions 7 and 8 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Questions 7 and 8 - Coursework Example This is because he thought that the workers were lazy, or the supervisors were inefficient. Canadian Fabrication and Design has attained its marginal product. This is the output that the company generates from one additional factor of production which is a metal worker. The decision of cracking down employees will not yield to high production levels. This is because the firm has attained its optimal production level and beyond this point it will only yield the same production or less. The best measure that the Chief Executive Officer of Canadian Fabrication and Design should adopt is to expand production of the firm. This will increase the marginal production level of the business and thus sustain the newly employed sheet metal workers. The Chief Executive Officer of the organization should adopt this measure as an alternative to cracking down the number of employees. It will result in success of the organization since the company will make sufficient sales (Hirschey, 2008, p. 21). Priceless goods refers to the commodities which people hold as having non market value which makes them perfectly unsuitable for buying and selling. An example of a commodity that people view as allegedly free is prescription drugs. The various people who make drugs have the responsibility of setting reasonable prices for the medicines. This calls them to restrain the prices. People view these drugs as priceless since they are urgent that they leave companies without price which they acquire in the market (Hirschey, 2008, p. 28). The concept of accounting cost states that a company incurs expenses during production. These expenses show up in the financial statements of a company. Prescription drugs are not priceless since the company incurs expenses in the production process of their manufacture. This refers to a business cost that one can identify and account for in an easy manner. It is a direct expense which an

Poverty and Violence in a Complex Relationship Essay

Poverty and Violence in a Complex Relationship - Essay Example This paper will put the complexity into perspective. The question posed by the ‘Economist’ deserves critical consideration because getting viable answers to the causes of violence and poverty can serve as a benchmark. Such knowledge would prove very useful in defining the global priorities in the long-term venture of promoting human development. The fact that peaceful nations in the developing world have registered positive growth In the recent past, in rates that are markedly higher than those in violent nations, establishes a pattern (Heitmeyer, & Hagan, 2003:24). This fact proves Aradau and Brown’s argument that human security is a precondition for human development very relevant (Butcher, & Papaioannou, 2012: 31). Without security, people live under constant fear. The constancy of fear among people has the potential of causing developmental paralysis. The case study illustrated in the ‘Economist’ comparing Burkina Faso and Burundi serves to provide more insight (The Economist, 2011:1). In 1990, the two African states presented an almost equal potential for economic growth. However, the violence that erupted in Burundi following the assassination of its president derailed the economic growth. After more than a decade of instability and violence in Burundi, a comparison to peaceful Burkina Faso portrayed the detrimental effects of violence. Burkina Faso was doing better and had registered a wealth gain of two and a half times. This serves to highlight that violence has the potential of making a nation poor. In the absence of the violence that resulted, probably Burundi would be an emerging economy in Africa.

Questions 7 and 8 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Questions 7 and 8 - Coursework Example This is because he thought that the workers were lazy, or the supervisors were inefficient. Canadian Fabrication and Design has attained its marginal product. This is the output that the company generates from one additional factor of production which is a metal worker. The decision of cracking down employees will not yield to high production levels. This is because the firm has attained its optimal production level and beyond this point it will only yield the same production or less. The best measure that the Chief Executive Officer of Canadian Fabrication and Design should adopt is to expand production of the firm. This will increase the marginal production level of the business and thus sustain the newly employed sheet metal workers. The Chief Executive Officer of the organization should adopt this measure as an alternative to cracking down the number of employees. It will result in success of the organization since the company will make sufficient sales (Hirschey, 2008, p. 21). Priceless goods refers to the commodities which people hold as having non market value which makes them perfectly unsuitable for buying and selling. An example of a commodity that people view as allegedly free is prescription drugs. The various people who make drugs have the responsibility of setting reasonable prices for the medicines. This calls them to restrain the prices. People view these drugs as priceless since they are urgent that they leave companies without price which they acquire in the market (Hirschey, 2008, p. 28). The concept of accounting cost states that a company incurs expenses during production. These expenses show up in the financial statements of a company. Prescription drugs are not priceless since the company incurs expenses in the production process of their manufacture. This refers to a business cost that one can identify and account for in an easy manner. It is a direct expense which an

New Doha International Airport Design and Construction Research Paper

New Doha International Airport Design and Construction - Research Paper Example Area 3 includes airport terminal facilities, while Area 4 includes landscaping and support buildings for the airport. The New Doha International Airport is designed to cover more than 22 square kilometers of land, which amounts to about one quarter the size of the old city of Doha, and about 3 times the size of the existing airport in Doha. The airport is designed to cater to as many as 50 million people, 2 million tones of luggage, and also handle as many as 320,000 aircraft takeoffs and landings per year. â€Å"By opening day, as many as 8,700 passengers can go through the terminal complex in a single hour. The airport’s eastern runway will be 4,850 meters long, only150 meters shorter than the longest commercial runway in the world at Ulyanovsk-Vostochny International Airport in Russia. By opening day, the 350,000+ square meter passenger terminal facility will be the largest building in Doha, covering an area equivalent to 50 full size football pitches. As such, it will be bigger than Doha’s City Center Plaza which has an internal area of 290,000 m2. Flights and passenger processin g facilities will be organized in a way to minimize walking distances for various travelers. Moving walkways will also help to shorten the distances to the contact gates. The new airport check-in and retail areas alone will be big enough to squeeze in ten wide body aircraft. When completed, this area will be about 12 times bigger than the retail and check-in areas at the existing facility, making the journey through check-in much quicker, and the shopping experience more varied.† (Airport Technology - New Doha International Airport, Qatar). The New Doha International Airport is designed to be one of the most advanced airports in the world, and will serve as home to Qatar Airways, which is a leading airline worldwide. The airport is designed to be able to handle operations of some of the biggest passenger planes in the

The Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test Essay Example for Free

The Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test Essay The chi-square goodness-of-fit test is used to analyze probabilities of multinomial distribution trials along a single dimension. For example, if the variable being studied is economic class with three possible outcomes of lower income class, middle income class, and upper income class, the single dimension is economic class and the three possible outcomes are the three classes. On each trial, one and only one of the outcomes can occur. In other words, a family unit must be classified either as lower income class, middle income class, or upper income class and cannot be in more than one class. The chi-square goodness-of-fit test compares the theoretical, frequencies of categories from a population distribution to the observed, or actual, frequencies from a distribution to determine whether there is a difference between what was expected and what was observed. For example, airline industry officials might theorize that the ages of airline ticket purchasers are distributed in a particular way. To validate or reject this expected distribution, an actual sample of ticket purchaser ages can be gathered randomly, and the observed results can be compared to the expected results with the chi-square goodness-of-fit test. This test also can be used to determine whether the observed arrivals at teller windows at a bank are Poisson distributed, as might be expected. In the paper industry, manufacturers can use the chi-square goodness-of-fit test to determine whether the demand for paper follows a uniform distribution throughout the year. Karl Pearson introduced the chi-square test in 1900. The chi-square distribution is the sum of the squares of k independent random variables and therefore can never be less than zero; it extends indefinitely in the positive direction. Actually the chi-square distributions constitute a family, with each distribution defined by the degrees of freedom (df) associated with it. For small df values the chi-square distribution is skewed considerably to the right (positive values). As the df increase, the chi-square distribution begins to approach the normal curve. The chi-square goodness-of-fit test is used to analyze the distribution of frequencies for categories of one variable, such as age or number of bank arrivals, to determine whether the distribution of these frequencies is the same as some hypothesized or expected distribution. However, the goodness-of-fit test cannot be used to analyze two variables simultaneously. A different chi-square test, the chi-square test of independence, can be used to analyze the frequencies of two variables with multiple categories to determine whether the two variables are independent. Many times this type of analysis is desirable. The chi-square test of independence can be used to analyze any level of data measurement, but it is particularly useful in analyzing nominal data. Suppose a business researcher is interested in determining whether geographic region is independent of type of financial investment.

Motherhood and the Politics of Native Americans :: Culture Cultural Sociology Essays

Motherhood and the Politics of Native Americans Community, rituals, magical beliefs and practices are very important things to Native American people. Native American people live by these rituals and beliefs, they live around their community; their community isn’t just that, but their family as well. Parents don’t just raise their children but the whole community has a hand in raising all of the children. Family is a very important part of Native American people’s lives, they keep traditions going with their families, parents raise their children the same way that they were raised by their parents. â€Å"Reclaiming Culture and the Land: Motherhood and the Politics of Sustaining Community† is about a mother who is a Native American activist who has two children, she wants them to be raised and go to school in an Indian community. â€Å"I put my children in that school because I wanted them to be in the Indian community.† She explains that she is not sure if her children know what she is doing is common, but they know that what she is doing is right. â€Å"My children do have the sense that what I do is not necessarily common. Recently my daughter started asking me if I’m famous.† She has fought for her children to have a good life, full of community, ritual, and an understanding of who they are and where they come from. â€Å"Body Ritual Among the Nacirema† explains that magical beliefs and practices is a big part of being Native American. They feel that they must practice their rituals daily to get a sense of belonging in the community. Nacirema Indians have a shrine which they keep charms and magical potions. They believe without them, no member can live. They perform rituals with these potions to make the ill healthy again, once the potion has been used it is put in the shrine box to be kept; normally these boxes are full or overflowing with potions. There are so many that the Narcirema Indians normally don’t know what all of them are and what they do, so they don’t use them again. One of the most common rituals performed is the mouth-rite; this includes inserting a small bundle of hog hairs into the mouth, along with magical powders, and then moving the bundle around in the mouth in a highly formalized series of gestures.

Strong Penelope of Homers Odyssey Essay -- Homer, Odyssey Essays

The Strong Penelope of The Odyssey "My lady, there is no man in the wide world who could find fault with you. For your fame has reached broad heaven itself, like that of some illustrious king."(Page 289,Book 19) In Homer's epic, The Odyssey, Odysseus is an epic hero with an epic wife, Penelope. Penelope is also the Queen of Ithaca, a vital role indeed. Penelope's love and devotion towards Odysseus is proven when she waits nineteen years for her husband to return from the wine dark sea, rather than losing faith and marrying another man. Penelope's character is strong and solid, and her personality remains consistent throughout Homer's Odyssey. Since there are so few mortal women featured in The Odyssey, Penelope can be seen as an ideal figure to represent all noblewomen in the Greek world. Although women were seen as possessions they could still be highly respected and influential in society. This is shown very effectively in this quote by Antinous as he speaks about Penelope, "Her skill in fine handicraft, her excellent brain, and the genius she has for getting her way, In that respect, I gra... ...en Skylla and Penelope: Female Characters of the Odyssey in Archaic and Classical Greek Art," pp. 29-58. Richard Brilliant, "Kirke's Men: Swine and Sweethearts," pp. 165-73. Helene Foley, "Penelope as Moral Agent," in Beth Cohen, ed., The Distaff Side (Oxford 1995), pp. 93-115. Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Vintage Books, 1989. Marilyn Arthur Katz, Penelope's Renown: Meaning and Indeterminacy in the Odyssey (Princeton 1991). Nancy Felson-Rubin, Regarding Penelope: From Courtship to Poetics (Princeton 1994). Strong Penelope of Homer's Odyssey Essay -- Homer, Odyssey Essays The Strong Penelope of The Odyssey "My lady, there is no man in the wide world who could find fault with you. For your fame has reached broad heaven itself, like that of some illustrious king."(Page 289,Book 19) In Homer's epic, The Odyssey, Odysseus is an epic hero with an epic wife, Penelope. Penelope is also the Queen of Ithaca, a vital role indeed. Penelope's love and devotion towards Odysseus is proven when she waits nineteen years for her husband to return from the wine dark sea, rather than losing faith and marrying another man. Penelope's character is strong and solid, and her personality remains consistent throughout Homer's Odyssey. Since there are so few mortal women featured in The Odyssey, Penelope can be seen as an ideal figure to represent all noblewomen in the Greek world. Although women were seen as possessions they could still be highly respected and influential in society. This is shown very effectively in this quote by Antinous as he speaks about Penelope, "Her skill in fine handicraft, her excellent brain, and the genius she has for getting her way, In that respect, I gra... ...en Skylla and Penelope: Female Characters of the Odyssey in Archaic and Classical Greek Art," pp. 29-58. Richard Brilliant, "Kirke's Men: Swine and Sweethearts," pp. 165-73. Helene Foley, "Penelope as Moral Agent," in Beth Cohen, ed., The Distaff Side (Oxford 1995), pp. 93-115. Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Vintage Books, 1989. Marilyn Arthur Katz, Penelope's Renown: Meaning and Indeterminacy in the Odyssey (Princeton 1991). Nancy Felson-Rubin, Regarding Penelope: From Courtship to Poetics (Princeton 1994).

Profound book Essay

In his profound book on Theism, J. L. Mackie, who is widely considered a champion of the atheistic school discusses the various bases on which the concept of God is founded, perceived and practiced the world over. In so doing, he touches upon the various approaches that have either necessitated God or have described God. In chapter 9, which Mackie has aptly named the â€Å"Problem of Evil†, he questions the basis of the description of God provided by almost all the religions of the world and all the theistic philosophies at one point of time or another. God is described according to traditional theism, as omnipotent (and omniscient) and wholly good. Mackie’s question starts with the poser â€Å".. and yet there is evil in this world. How can this be? † (Mackie, 150). The question that Mackie poses and the logic he supplies are wholly satisfactory to the intellect to understand and appreciate his question, to say the least. Mackie argues that according to the initially plausible and widely admitted premise, Good is opposed to evil that being good eliminates Evil. Proceeding with the same logic, a good and potent being eliminates Evil as far as he can and God being Omnipotent and, there being no limits to His capacity, there should be no Evil at all. Mackie goes on to point out (rather gleefully) â€Å"then we do have a contradiction. A wholly good omnipotent would eliminate evil completely; if there really are evils, then there cannot be any such being† (Mackie, 150) A very well made argument indeed. However, the proponents of Theism and Religion have addressed the problem of evil and this logical paradox on the existential basis for ages together. But sadly, those arguments have never been to counter a clever poser as Mackie’s. However, it is not entirely impossible to adopt those answers to this obvious rejection of God on a quirky basis of a logical exemption. In most Theistic concepts, read Religion, God has indeed been described as omnipotent and completely good. But all Religions have taken note of eh fact that God did not will his creation to be a static equilibrium. It has been ordained to be a Dynamic equilibrium. All dynamics as logics permit can happen only when there are at the least two opposite directions and two opposing forces. Creation has been described as the collusion of two opposing or differing forces giving birth to new . All religions envisage creation as such. Heightened awareness of the power of two different, (not necessarily opposing) and individual powers have been found in the deification of the Shiva Linga (the phallus) in the (rather primitive for some) Hindu religious symbols and the concept of Ying and Yang that pervades the ancient Chinese philosophy and medicine. More than attributing Good as a characteristic to God, most Religions have described God as an omnipotent being who is beyond definition or a being from whom Definitions originate. Therefore a creation that has good, as perceived by Human mind and the inherent logic and Evil, as held repulsive by civilization are both creations of God. God is described as a singularity that is beyond the grasp of any man made attempts to attain it including Logic. More over all religions hold central the belief that the Universe is a grand design (and some religions which provide ample space for mysticism in their practice call it a Game God created to entertain himself). Consciousness is an ability God has provided Human being to be able to entertain the thoughts of quest for truth and try to decipher the secrets behind the creation. If consciousness is provide by God, then the entire capabilities covering the gamut of good to evil are all provided by god so that man can continue his (most probably, the ordained) task of quest for truth and die trying. ( Let us imagine God gave Tiger Woods his prowess in Golf, he also gave him his handicaps so that Woods can justify his life by trying continuously to overcome them and pit himself against several other god given powers of other golfers and justify his attempts at perfection) To Him, He being the singularity beyond the grasp of logic, reasoning and justice, He, who is the source of all definitions, Good and evil are part of the equilibrium he has provided Man with, to play out his life and continue the evolution of Civilization as per the design of God. Therefore, it is entirely possible to have God who is fondly defined as omnipotent and the personification of unending Good and kindness to allow Evil to exist as a small counter force to help establish the dynamics in the world. Though there are mythological stories that abound with the stories of incarnation of God triumphing over one form of evil or another, it is entirely the manifestations of the Theological concepts which use stories of God to guide man in his quest for morality which again is an underlying concept of the happening Universe, God must have envisaged. The existence of Evil is like the directions along a road on a long journey. If there is a signal, which entrusts the person on the journey to take right, drive east or any other direction, it is understood that by taking the opposite direction, he would go away from his goal. The presence of the opposite direction is not proof enough to say that the correct direction is not the right direction. It is the supreme power which has conceived both directions and stands aback amused to see if in its grand design, its creation, the man on the undertaking the journey, uses its consciousness and the powers of reasoning (again provided by Him) in making the correct judgment or not. Therefore the argument (which is precisely that, an argument) does not stand that the presence of Evil nullifies the probability of having an Omnipotent, omniscient being, which is wholly good called God. Let us take the analogy of the Games, which we had briefly touched upon in the case of Tiger woods. Why does a man create opposing teams with opposing goals and efforts in the opposite direction to entertain himself, say as in Football? It is to provide the necessary conflict that can make the game interesting and entertaining. By the same token, God provides for opposing moralities to see if the being he created (most religions fondly believe in His likeness) exercises his god-given prowess of understanding, logic and reasoning to make the right choice and comes out victorious in his quest. Armstrong made a strong reference to Relativity when he said that his small step was a giant leap for mankind. Similarly a giant leap for mankind might just be a speck of a movement in the grand and long journey God has planned for his creation towards the ultimate Truth. Einstein had proposed in his Relativity theory that as the speed inches towards the ultimate threshold of the speed of light, the energy required to accelerate towards it gets close to infinity. If Einstein has stumbled on a profound truth of the universe, then mankind’s each step towards unraveling of the truth about God, only makes his next step that much more or infinitely difficult. It is the opposing force of Evil, also part of God’s design that makes for the interesting conflict. It is but the duty of mankind to justify his existence by making his own judgments at every step to dodge the evil, so strategically placed to further his quest for a living God would have ordained him to live, not in an easy manner but in a difficult and interesting manner. Greatest factor of God’s creation is the seeming Choice for human being at every step, always accompanies with the uncertainty of not knowing the result of his choice. For a choice to be present there need to be two opposing or at the least different factors- if one is Good, the other has got to be Evil. For the omnipotent, Evil is not as evil as it is for us. It is another factor of his creation, which he has put in place to help his chosen being, the mankind to exercise his judgment. It is with admiration for the intellectual virility of J. L. Mackie, one must reject his theory that the presence of Evil negates the presence of God, because God as felt (and not described) by the miraculous attempts of Theists and religion is not just beyond description and definition, in fact He is the basis and the fountainhead of all the definitions and in whom all dissimilarities merge, unite and find their roots. Book cited Mackie, J. L. The Miracle of Theism: Arguments for and against the Existence of God Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982

Owning a car when one turns 16 Essay

There are many advantages and disadvantages to owning a vehicle. A life style change can occur or an empty wallet or purse I can almost expect someone will have when they first start driving a vehicle of their own. This impact in ones life can not only change their life style and their money situation but also there grades, sports, social life, and most of all their physical health. These advantages and disadvantages can be for the better but most of all the worst. In my opinion, owning a vehicle at a young age develops a good source of financial planning, responsibility, and awareness of what can happen to them if they become an uncontrolled driver. Next, with the purchase of a car there can be a life style change and also a huge financial decrease. If one owns a car, especially a teenager, they become cocky and act like a hot shot because they have a vehicle. With this problem a teen may start to develop a new driving style. They will drive with only one arm and will constantly change the CD player to different compact discs and radio station. With having them do this they will increase the chances of not paying attention to the rode and will cause an accident. So, a driver needs to keep their eyes on the rode to not only protect to their own life but the lives of others. Then, the new driver has already developed the bad habits of driving and this will lead them into a having bad grades, missing practices for sports, and lose a social life. The bad grades can come from driving too much, but if one drives, they will need a job. A job is where a loss in a social life comes together. If they are working to drive, they will not have enough time to spend with their friends. Now that they are trying to find time out of work to drive, hang out with friends, and play sports. Sports are after school each day. I don’t expect a driver to play sports all week and only work two days and still have enough money to pay for their vehicle. Finally, the most difficult sacrifice to give up is their physical health being tampered with. By working all the time and constantly trying to join sports and hang out with friends this will affect their health. Where is their time to sleep? One will be doing it all but; they do need time to sleep. All of these advantages and disadvantages will change their entire  life style. I believe owning a vehicle will do that but in some cases a change is a good thing so there is always something to look out for. Change can be good but the time will keep ticking away. So, do what makes one happy and make it how you want it.

Community Policing vs. Traditional Policing Essay

Policing in the United States has taken on many different forms and facets in the past 50 years. Although, various modes & models of policing styles continue to be introduced, two main aspects of law enforcement have remained constant, (traditional policing & community oriented- policing). There are so many different facets, trends, and new emerging technologies in the wide world of law enforcement. First, we will outline a brief history of the origins and evolvement of policing. Special attention will be lent to illustrate the effectiveness of the paramilitary style of dress, loyalty, and discipline in relation to the traditional style of policing in America; casting particular illumination on the organizational structure of the traditional police department. In addition, the solid, familial bond of brotherhood and sisterhood that exists within the casing of the traditional style of policing will also be presented and explained. Community oriented policing is the second side of policing that we are going to deal with; focusing on its American roots, effectiveness, and future direction of community-oriented policing. A brief biographical sketch will be painted of the person who many law enforcement researchers and analysts have credited with the implementation of the community-oriented model of policing. His basis, reasoning, and a cross-section of his 9 Policing Principles will also be discussed. The public reaction and relationship to-wards the community-oriented model of policing will also be brought to light. The many triumphs, pitfalls, differences, similarities, and core effectiveness of both models of policing will be contrasted and compared. The subject of what method or rule is best to use in the protection of the citizens who live, work, and raise families in the United States will more than likely remain a hot-button issue for many years to come. Depending upon the current governmental administration that is occupying our nations’ highest office, partisan politics play a vital role in how law enforcement precincts across America are funded, staffed, and managed. The prevailing morality views and sentiments of the community-at-large, and what they feel is most important to them, in terms of the main focus of law enforcement in their town, must definitely must be taken into account; when law enforcement agencies are outlining a departmental plan of action. More community action groups, government watchdog organizations, youthful offender programs,  positive, after school athletic activities, youthful offender programs, peer mentor-ship programs, faith-based, community initiative alliances, and law enforcement partnering with the community that it serves, (not just with City Hall and its partisan policies), are sorely needed in cities nationwide. When the law enforcement brotherhood is able to gain a crystal clear understanding of what type of services are needed in the various communities that each individual department serves, then and only then will the proverbial bridges begin to be built. Then healing and reconciliation can finally start between law enforcement and concerned citizens. All of these factors are core essential; to ensure that cities across America are able to grow and maintain a peaceful existence. Surprising to many, who may think that modern-day policing has its roots in the United States, the original formation and concept for the Metropolitan Police department was started in London, England. Sir Robert Peel, (also known affectionately as, â€Å"orange peel†), is credited with creating the first organized police force in 1829; while serving as Home Secretary of England. According to Peel, the true core concept of policing is, â€Å"the police are the people and the people are the police†. Sir Robert Peel established nine separate bedrock principles for policing that continue to stand as a road map for law enforcement agencies across America. The first principle Peel outlined in his plan was that, â€Å"the basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder†. This could arguably be one of his most important principles. Peel established a force of officers, also known as, â€Å"Bobbies†, and, â€Å"Peelers†, as they wer e known, in London. The new Bobbies were given beats, (particular area a Bobbie would be responsible for). While walking the beat, the Bobbies would interact closely with shop owners, and ordinary citizens. The close proximity of law enforcement in the community established not only an authoritative presence in the community, but also a sense of security for citizens. Bobbies wore dark, professional uniforms that further established their authoritative presence, (the uniforms from the 1800’s are still quite similar to the ones worn by the New York City Police Department). According to an article concerning the significance of uniforms, Richard R. Johnson, suggests from much research that:The uniform worn by also elicits stereotypes about that human beings status, authority,  attitudes, and motivations. The police uniform serves to identify a person as one vested with the powers of the state to arrest and use force. The uniform also serves to establish order and conformity within the ranks of those who wear it by suppressing individuality. The psychological impact of the police uniform should not be underestimated, Johnson, (2005). This very professional, paramilitary style of uniform worn by most American law enforcement officers is a perfect visual representation of the image that a traditional police officer should portray; one of power, professionalism, and trust. Building off of the professional concept of serving the public interest through uniform, clear-cut channels, we will explore the traditional police concept. The traditional method of policing, if practiced correctly and efficiently, is an extremely effective mode of operation for any successful police unit. The professional, paramilitary style of dress places the law enforcement officer in the frame of mind that he is a polished professional; and must live up to the image that his uniform represents, on or off the job. The traditional concept of policing also focuses on police administration, (also known as brass), to make most, if not all administrative decisions for all officers in a department or unit. This type of set-up relies almost totally upon loyalty,duty, and the honor code that exists among law enforcement officers; to ensure compliance with the way that daily official law enforcement business is handled from department to department. Depending on the particular department, law enforcement officers may adhere to an extremely strict code of fraternal brotherhood and sisterhood. This very same bond is usually only found in the armed services; this is the reason why many soldiers are honorably discharged or retire from the armed services to pursue fruitful careers in law enforcement. It means a great deal to a law enforcement officer to know beyond the shadow of a doubt that he or she can definitely depend on their fellow officer no matter what. Contrastingly, the community-oriented side of policing relies very heavily on placing much of the administrative and social duties that were once reserved for upper-level management in the laps of street level law enforcement  officers. One of the earliest accounts of active community policing in the U.S. was in 1962 by the San Francisco Police Department; who established a specialized unit of law enforcement officers based on the core concept that, â€Å"police would help to reduce crime by reducing despair—- by acting as a social service agency to ameliorate some of the difficulties encountered by minority group persons†, Patterson, J. (n.d.). With the creation of this unit, as officers assigned to this unique unit began to draw closer to the people in the surrounding community, the citizens’ new found relationship with members of this new, community-based police unit prompted some of them to muster enough courage to file formal complaints against regular pat rol officers. While on the one hand, the close relationship with the community was a good thing, the tension that now existed between the community-based unit officers and the regular patrol officers was one of major distrust and constant scandal. The community-based officer program was started to create a balance in community/police relations, but instead, stirred up a huge political mess in the San Francisco Police Department. In any event, the program was discontinued due to the dis-harmony that now existed between these separate sides of the police force. Many times solving one problem only creates a much larger dilemma. Community-policing had seen a major upswing in the 80’s and 90’s; but, departments across America are beginning to realize that the traditional-style of policing is one that commands the most overall respect from citizens. In closing, as law enforcement technology continues to increase at an almost feverish pace, the styles of law enforcement, (although slowly evolving), will basically remain the same. It would probably be safe to say that many police departments across the nation do not rely totally on community-oriented policing or traditional-policing; each department more than likely has a unique mixture of both of these policing concepts. Whether a particular leans toward the community concept or the traditional concept depends on the individual communities that each department serves. When law enforcement officials take time to conduct research on the various communities that they serve, then our cities can begin the process of placing their trust back in the hands of the police departments that patrol our multi-cultural communities every day. Bibliography 1)The Official Website of the City of Clearwater, FL., The Community and its History of Community-Policing., (2006). Retrieved from http://www.clearwaterpolice.org/cp/cp_history.asp2)Leineweber, G. V., (200-2005), Leine’s 10-42 Hideaway., History of Policing, Retrieved from http://www.leineshideaway.com/PoliceHistory.html3)History.com., Police., (n.d.)., Retrieved from http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=2195224)The Official Site of the Prime Minister’s Office., History and Tour, Sir Robert Peel., (n.d.), Retrieved from http://www.number10.gov.uk/history-and-tour/prime-ministers-in-history/sir-robert-peel5)U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. , What is Community-Policing? (2008, April 30). Retrieved from http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/default.asp?Item=366)Associated Content, Law Enforcement: Sir Robert Peel’s Concept of Community Policing in Today’s Society. (2007, Nov 8). Retrieved from http://www.associatedc ontent.com/article/435980/law_enforcement_sir_robert_peels_concept.html7)LondonBobbies.com, Home Page. (2004, July 19). Retrieved from http://www.aowo42.dsl.pipex.com/8)Johnson, M.S., R.R., Police Uniform Articles, The pspsychological influence of the police uniform. (2005, March 4).,retrieved from http://www.policeone.com/police-products/apparel/uniforms/articles/99417/9)Patterson, Sgt. J., ‘Lectric Law Library, Community Policing: Learning the Lessons of History., (n.d.)., Retrieved from http://www.lectlaw.com/files/cjs07.htm

Is Genetic Modification of Foods Good Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Is Genetic Modification of Foods Good - Essay Example They are a wave for the future since they provide an alternative that helps in increasing food production. However, much concern has been brought to light by farmers, citizens and scientists on the conduct of research and merits of genetically modified foods. They benefit humankind, animals and their environment. Genetic modified foods have increased food security in the growing population. In the environment, they provide a friendly environment by repelling bio herbicides and bio insecticides. They conserve water, soil and energy by reduction of irrigation and solar energy. Due to their ability to grow and mature fast, they give food security during times of hunger and food shortage. They facilitate growth in both animals and crops. In crops, they enhance quality and taste, this by increasing its nutrient content and maturity of the crop. They reduce maturation time, by speeding up the growth period. They improve the resistance to pests, diseases and herbicides affecting growth of p lants. In animals, they facilitate better yield of eggs, milk and meat by providing animals with the required nutrient for their productivity. They improve diagnostic methods of handling animals and promote health by ensuring constant supply of animal feeds with the required nutrients. ... microbes in soil), unintended shift of transgenics by means of cross-pollution, and loss of fauna and flora biodiversity (Eugene and Santaniello 102). Genetically modified foods affect ethics, access and intellectual property by violating intrinsic values of natural organisms by changing their metabolism and meddling with nature through genes mixing. They stress animals by objecting to consume their genes in plants and vice versa. In access of property there is unethical practices as modified food production is dominated by a few organizations thus it increases dependence on industrialized foods by many developing countries. This leads to exploitation of developing countries and their natural resources by foreign nations. They pose the danger of mixing different metabolisms that result to food poisoning, once different substances have been mixed, it may result in early expiry of the product, which may affect the health of an individual. Combination of different enzymes results in rea ction of foodstuff in the human body, whose result may be unknown even to the researchers (Eugene and Santaniello 112). In an article by Jones he asks, â€Å"Does the human race really need genetically modified food?†, given that in the field of agriculture, small biodiversity farms are actually productive and the food produced is healthy for human consumption (Simmons 62). He argues that people should use food produced from farms rather than the modified food, which pose dangers to the human health. Politics and economics at all levels have often prohibited food from getting to hungry people, not a deficit in production. These similar causes have also contributed to a lot of poverty, which prevents citizens’ ability to meet

Response to a newspaper editorial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Response to a newspaper editorial - Essay Example On the contrary, Steve Jobs and his counterparts know what other parents do not - the dangers of technology – and for that reason, they ensure their families and technology are worlds apart. Parents and kids, particularly those who use the iPad, would find this article very useful. Perhaps there is the need for a rethinking on this subject. The explosive growth of digital devices and smartphones is transforming the lives of children, at home and in school. Research reveals that even the youngest children are present online, using smartphones and tablets, and downloading apps. Consumer Reports published last year reveal that over 7.5 million children in America under age 13 are using Facebook, which technically requires all users to be 13 years and above to be eligible to open an account. Nobody has an idea on what technology and media use will mean for children as they grow up. Pawlowski’s does not directly hit at the iPads for children, but her major concern is that children are more prone to mess up with the devices if not supervised. In essence, she argues that technology is not evil for children as Steve Jobs portrays in his stringent measures against the use of the devices back at home, but parents should keenly monitor and regulate the same. Her strongest evidence to support this position lies in the recommendations tabled by the American Academy for Pediatrics, in which children and teenagers should not spend more than two hours a day using the gadgets and that children under two years should be allowed half an hour daily so long as the activity is one that engages them. Precisely, parents should ration technology use similar to the administration of a balanced diet. Only this way will the children enjoy the benefits of digital technology in a healthy way. This trend calls for intensified supervision by parents to realize its effectiveness. The problem with the recommendation above is that parents are

Charter Schools in the Lottery Documentary Essay

Charter Schools in the Lottery Documentary - Essay Example One might suggest that the movie in question makes a good argument about the topic. However, in order to prove that it would be advantageous to work out a set of criteria that should be used to measure the effectiveness of the arguments that are made by documentaries. This paper will present four such criteria.  The first one, as well as the most obvious one, is objectivity. Indeed, people tend to watch documentaries since they hope that the director is not biased and is willing to show the actual state of affairs, not from a particular side. It is clear that to do so, the documentary should not give preference to one particular point of view, but feature different approaches. Speaking of The Lottery it is clear that opposite ideas about the issue of charter schools are presented: the pro side is backed up by the staff of Harlem Success Academy, parents, and activists; the con side includes public advocates, representatives of the teachers union, staff of public schools and so on. It would not be a mistake to point out that fact that it is a great advantage of the movie in question lies in the fact that it features interviews with people who strongly believe in the validity of their claims: this allowed the director to present opposing views.  Another criterion that would contribute to the effectiveness of arguing a particular topic is the balance between emotional neutrality and encouragement. It is true that documentaries usually send a particular message to the audience, and this message is usually backed up by the appeal to emotions. It is thought that â€Å"self-assertive emotions drive us towards individual action and reaction† (Austin and Jong 113). In other words, they reinforce the position that is already taken by a person on a particular issue and allow one to take appropriate action.

Antigone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Antigone - Essay Example p.). Of course, there are many other issues present in this tragedy; however, this paper would try to focus on the issue of laws, specifically on what would have happened when there would be no balance between the law of the gods and the law of man. In this case, this paper would try to cite different passages in the tragedy that may help illustrate on how the law of the gods were treated with respect of the law man, and on what may be its effects on Greek society as represented in the text. Body One of the main preludes to the tragedy was the civil war that happened in Thebes. The main participants in the civil war, on which the victor would be able to control the throne, were the brothers Polyneices and Eteocles (â€Å"Antigone† n. p.). However, both Polyneices and Eteocles where actually killed in the civil war, making way for Creon to actually occupy the throne (â€Å"Antigone† n. p.). In this case, Creon actually decreed that Eteocles would be honored while Polynei ces would be publicly humiliated through depriving him of burial, leaving his body to worms and vultures (â€Å"Antigone† n. p.). ... gh burying her alive in the cave (which was contrary to the law of the gods), starting the debate of Antigone and Creon on which law must actually be followed, the law of man (which is Creon’s law) or the law of the gods (â€Å"Antigone† n. p.). According to Antigone, the law of Creon must not be followed and that she has the moral obligation to bury the body of her brother despite it being contrary to the law given by him, given that such kind of law actually runs in contrary to the laws of the gods, making the decree of Creon morally corrupt and against the will of the gods (â€Å"Antigone† n. p.). According to Antigone, Yes; for it was not Zeus that had published me that edict; not such are the laws set among men by the justice who neither dwells with the gods below; nor deemed I that thy decrees were of such force, that a mortal could override the unwritten and unfailing statutes of heaven†¦Not through dread of any human pride could I answer to the gods for breaking these. Die I must—I knew that well (how should I not?)—even without thy edicts. But if I am to die before my time, I count that a gain: for when any one lives†¦can such any one find aught but gain in death? So for me to meet this doom is trifling grief; but if I had suffered my mother's son to lie in death an unburied corpse, that would have grieved me; for this, I am not grieved. And if my present deeds are foolish in thy sight, it may be that a foolish judge arraigns my folly. (â€Å"Antigone† n. p.) Despite such arguments by Antigone, however, Creon still stood ground in the law that he made, and even strengthened obedience to the law by creating a harsher punishment for Antigone (â€Å"Antigone† n. p.). In this case, Creon actually reasoned that there is no man that must be above law, or must

7 pages Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

7 pages - Assignment Example If people buy a lot of drinks or many tickets are sold, the players’ salary increases. If there are only a few people who buy the tickets or the drinks, the players’ salary decreases. Q.1. When there is underutilization, a country uses fewer resources than those that it can use. The production possibilities frontier is that line on the production possibilities graph which indicates the maximum possible output. Q. 2. The Product Possibilities Curve abbreviated as PPC shows the optimum production level hat economies can attain. For example, if a person compare the main level of production for an economy, with the actual curve, it is possible to determine the economy’s efficiency. Q. 3. Opportunity cost is demonstrated when making a comparison between data on different points on the production possibilities frontier. When the production of an element goes up, the curve on the PPC shows the production curve decreasing. Q. 4. If there is a decrease it does not mean that the production possibilities for farm’s output have decreased. If the decrease in farms was higher than the production possibility then the farm output would increase and vice versa. Q. 6. Certain events such as natural disasters for example, floods and hurricanes are likely to move the PPC down and to the left because there would be a reduction of productivity in the economy since most businesses in operation. Q. 6. Repairing a leaking roof and paying the night security guard are fixed costs because the payment does not change despite the events surrounding the expenses. Cotton, food and electricity at the mill are variable because they always change. Q. 3. Regulations affect the output decisions of producers because it may make it too expensive or cheaper. For example, companies will not continue to supply if the regulations support the expensive

Gender identity Essay Example for Free

Gender identity Essay Gender identity is a term which is used to refer to a person as a female or a male. It is the personal conception of a person of either being a male or a female while in rare circumstances one may manifest both the female and male characteristics. Gender identity is usually defined by a person depending on how such a person feels concerning his identity in terms of gender. Gender identity is different from gender role in that while gender identity refers to an individual’s feeling’s about his or her gender, gender roles are usually defined by the society and they are based on the physical appearance of a person as well as behavior of a person. As such, gender roles serves as outward expressions of a person’s gender identity. A person who claims to be a male for example must exhibit male behaviors in deed, dressing and also his behavior. Normally, gender and sex are always used interchangeably although scientifically and medically they are different words which are not even synonyms (Ghosh, n. d). Influence of hormone and behavior interaction on determination of gender identity The interaction between the behavior of a person and their hormonal composition is the most complex ideology of gender identity especially because it is difficult to truly ascertain that hormones directly influence the behaviors of an individual. However, there exists a relationship behind the two components of gender determination with this relationship having a reciprocal form. Presence of high levels of certain hormones in a person may influence or lead to certain behaviors while some behaviors may also lead to changes in the hormonal composition of an individual thus affecting their gender identity (Litosseliti Sunderland, 2002). Gender development of a child begins before he or she is born, that is, gender identity matures even before a child is born. After birth, the gender identity of an individual is determined by psychological, biological and sociological factors. Male and females have different hormones which affect the development of a person thus affecting or influencing the gender identity. In males, testosterone is the dominant hormone which leads to the development of male organs in a person. Testosterone is responsible for the development of major features found in males which included breaking of the voice, development of the genital organs and it also governs the distribution of fats in a person. On the other hand, estrogen is the dominant hormone in female which leads in development of feminine characteristics in females. This hormone aids in breast formation, formation of sexual organs and it also aids in development of other features common with the females like fat distribution in the body. These hormones also determines how a person behaves whether as a male or as a female. The behaviors of a person are also indicators of the gender identity of a person (Wolfe Mash, 2005). Some of the major determinants of gender identity are the hormones and the behaviors. Usually, hormones are the ones which influence the behavior of a person. People with more concentration of testosterone are more masculine while those with high levels of estrogen are more feminine. Testosterone and estrogen hormones are responsible for the sexual behavior of an individual which determines the sexual orientation of an individual. Interaction between the hormones and the behavior of an individual determines or influences to a great extent the gender identity of a person. Children reared in a neutral environment learn from an early age what are the acceptable roles and behaviors of the two different genders. As the hormones of a person correlate with the acceptable behavior of a certain gender, a person forms an idea of his or her gender identity. Also, at very tender age, parents also play a major role in shaping the behavior of a child. Parents usually buy cars and balls for the boys while girls are bought for baby dolls and other feminine toys. The behavior that the children are taught by the society determines how a person identifies himself or herself in terms of gender. Consistency in behavior may influence a person’s gender by influencing hormones release to the body. However, hormones also play a major role in formation of gender identity. Males with higher female hormones tend to behave like the ladies and may often wish to be a woman which forms his gender identity. This is also the case with females who find themselves interested in male activities. They exhibit behaviors similar to that of the males which is as a result to hormonal composition of such a person. When the hormones interact with the behavior of a person, such an individual is able to determine his or her gender identity (Jacobs, Thomas Lang, 1997). Psychological factors also affect gender identity of a person. It is believed that all persons are born with some intrinsic level of testosterone that is whether male and female. However, the level of this hormone varies from individuals and is usually exhibited through such behaviors as dominance. Testosterone hormone is directly and positively correlated to dominance and this affects the gender identity of an individual. All persons who are higher in the rank have an innate urge to dominate while those who are lower in the rank are less dominating. This is a psychological aspect and it also contributes to how a person views herself or himself in terms of gender. Ladies or women who are higher in the rank may exhibit male characteristics which may form their gender identity. Likewise, men who are lower in rank tend to behave more like women which influences their gender identity (Lee, 2005). Environmental factors are also contributors while forming our gender identity. The environment in which a person is reared in determines or influences his gender identity formation. The treatment one gets from different gender groups shapes his or her gender identity. In an environment characterized by clearly defined gender roles for the males and the females, people are likely to identify with either of the genders mostly through association and task performance. In a neutral community or society, gender identity tends to be more influenced by personal interaction and hormonal composition rather than environmental forces. Biological composition of a person also greatly influences the gender identity of a person. Unlike the psychological and environmental factors, biological influences are innate which a person is born with. The biological factors influencing gender formation cannot be influenced by the environment in which a person is reared though they may lead to discomfort especially when the outside pressure is more on a person. It is believed that the gender of a person is determined during prenatal development and as such it is a biological condition. Genes of a person determines his gender identity which cannot be reversed especially when these genes are very strong (Sonderegger Anastasi, 1984). In gender identity determination, the biological influence is stronger than all other influences. Most of males who have feminine characteristics being dominant continue to behave like women despite their environment or psychological exposure. This also applies to women who are more masculine than feminine. Usually, such people end up looking for sex re-alignment to transform them to the different sex. Also, a person who is has different sex characteristics as being dominant in them always feel uncomfortable while identifying with the gender the society view them to belong to. As such, biological influence is much stronger than all other influences while defining the gender identity of a person (Ehrhardt Meyer-Bahlburg, 1981). Reference: CREWS, D. WILLIAMS, E. E. (n. d): Hormones, Behavior, and Speciation. Retrieved on 7th April 2009 from, http://icb. oxfordjournals. org/cgi/content/abstract/17/1/271 Ehrhardt A. A Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. (1981): Effects of prenatal sex hormones on gender-related behavior. Journal of American Association for the Advancement of Science, Vol 211 Ghosh, S. (n. d): Sexuality: Gender Identity. Retrieved on 7th April 2009 from, http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/917990-overview. Jacobs, S. , Thomas, W. Lang, S. (1997): Two-spirit people: Native American gender identity, sexuality, and spirituality. ISBN 0252066456, Published by University of Illinois Press Lee, J. W. (2005): Psychology of gender identity. ISBN 1594542147, Published by Nova Publishers Litosseliti, L. Sunderland, J. (2002): Gender identity discourse analysis. ISBN 902722692X, Published by John Benjamins Publishing Company Sonderegger, T. B. Anastasi, A. (1984): Psychology and gender. ISBN 0803241526 Published by U of Nebraska Press Wolfe, D. A. Mash, E. J. (2005): Behavioral and emotional disorders in adolescents: nature, assessment, and treatment. ISBN 1593852258, Published by Guilford Press

Expatriation

Expatriation Introduction: Expatriation is a very significant characteristic of International Human Resource Management (IHRM), which is a result of the developments made in global business environment. For instance, such as Asia Pacific Region came up as world economic centre becoming the rivals of existing centres of Europe and North America. Moreover, the extended role World Trade Organization in dispute settlement and facilitating international trade flows and emergence of international economic forums such as North American Free Trade Association, European Union, Asia Pacific Economic Conference, European Union and expansion of the membership and status of A.S.E.A.N., have significantly changed the platform on which the international business used to operate. It was concurred through the basis earlier studies, that expatriates were home country employees. And these expatriates were assigned to the foreign or overseas location of the organization for relatively long periods of time. If we try to understand the trends in context to industrialization, it can be figured out that during initial stages of internationalisation, major industry restructuring was driven by advancements in communication and information technologies, whereas, the new global context is witnessing alteration in the structure of international operations with the availability of labour markets and staff requirements. Remuneration policies form a very integral part in the implementation of business strategies and change initiatives for an organization. For the employees its a substance of motivation and mobilization to achieve the valued corporate goals. Most of the companies today are committed in providing competitive salaries and benefits. Culpepper and Associates carried out the compensation and benefits survey in 2008, which showed that base salaries are growing in Asia Pacific at much faster rate as compared to other regions of the world, followed by Latin America and Europe. Changes in remuneration practices are inevitable worldwide with surge of globalisation and the increasing demand of skilled labour. More companies nowadays are following a trend of reinforcing pay and performance relationship through variable pay plans (Hewitt Associates, 2007). Especially, expatriate workers are appreciated and rewarded for their performance through variable pay plan, a share program and other benefits , not just through base pay. Multi-national companies that maintain effective remuneration policies tend to have sustainable competitive advantage as they effectively lock their key employees into their careers and keep minimal employment cost. Thus, these remuneration practices for expatriates and every other employee will continue evolve and expand as it plays a very important role in these multi-national organizations. As per the International Human Resource Management theory underpinning, the relationship between expatriation and seemingly inequitable salaries on the basis of hardship experienced give rise to many arguments. Remuneration systems for expatriates range from simple systems based on base country net salaries plus various allowances to ones of eye-watering complexity operated by large multinationals for hundreds of nationalities with thousands of permutations. (http://www.exfin.com/) To understand the remuneration policies for expatriates and its effectiveness in the multi-national organization, the researcher has developed a case-study on Satyam InfoTech, an Indian based I.T. company. Satyam has a big infrastructure which has around 100,000 people working under it in India and abroad, with expatriation as a common practice in the organization. Aims Objectives: Research Question: What is expatriate remuneration in a multi-national organization and how effective is this practice to Satyam InfoTech? The key aim of the study was to establish if the expatriate remuneration policies in this sample multi-national company are effective and are aligned with global practices. The main objective of this research is to understand the current trend in remuneration practices for the expatriates in multi-national organization. Also, the objective is to understand its effectiveness in the context to the Human Resource perspective and the Organizations perspective. Hypothesis: H1: Expatriate Remuneration has positive effectiveness in Satyam InfoTech. H2: Expatriate Remuneration has negative effectiveness in Satyam InfoTech. H0: Null hypothesis. Literature Review: International assignments are important investments for MNCs. Besides the direct costs of employee salaries, taxes, housing, shipment of household goods, education assistance for dependants, spouse support, cross-cultural training, goods and services allowances, repatriation logistics and reassignment costs, the administrative costs of running an international assignment program should not be neglected. These include home based HR support (assignment planning, selection and compensation management), assignment location or host based HR support, post assignment placement costs as well as post assignment career tracking costs. Furthermore, adjustments costs of expatriates have to be taken into account. While many of these figures are highly quantifiable, it is even more difficult to assess the return on investment of international assignments. In a study conducted by Cranfield School of Management and PrincewaterhouseCoopers (Dickmann et al. 2006: 18-19) it was reported that the averag e costs per annum for expatriate are amounted to US$311,000. This includes the direct compensation costs and the costs to the organizations of managing their international assignments program. At US$22,378 the latter accounted for 7% of the total assignment costs. While more and more firms are interested in measuring a return on investment in international assignment, to date only 14% are addressing this complex task mainly looking at the definition and respective fulfilment of assignment objectives. Having summarised the expatriate remuneration practice, now some theoretical perspectives related to the various levels have to be looked upon. In this a scene can be set for addressing a question of how expatriate remuneration outcomes may be influenced by a series of independent variables, in dynamic interaction with the environmental context in which international employee mobilization occur. Human Resource Perspective: Two aspects in particular may influence the H.R. perspective on expatriate reward determination. First, the ideas of ‘best practice and related commentary on policies and practices that MNCs should adopt a ‘functional lens focusing the H.R. view point. Secondly, the role and interests of the H.R. function likely to affect H.R. specialists interpretations of alternative approaches to expatriate remuneration determination, a ‘political orientation. Administering the remuneration of expatriates employees has been an important concern for H.R. specialists, accounting for over 50% of their time (Perkins and Hendry 2001). Changes in the nature and duration of international employee mobility, not necessarily of HRs making but which need an H.R. response, condition the context for H.R. strategies to address the attendant compensation policy and practice implications.